In the cybersecurity industry, where legitimate transactions far outnumber fraudulent ones, detecting fraud is of paramount significance.In order to evaluate the accuracy of detecting fraudulent transactions in imbalanced real datasets, this study compares the efficacy of two approaches, random under-sampling and oversampling, using the synthetic V
Malignant papillary neoplasms of the breast comprise a number of microscopically distinct lesions, where apocrine metaplasia is commonly found in papillomas compared to other papillary lesions including papillary carcinomas.However, association of apocrine metaplasia in papilloma with Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) is not very well defined.The les
We study the dynamics of an isolated spike of radiation in superradiant regime.We show that conditions exist where the pulse moves with a group velocity larger VIT A GLYCOLIC CLEANSER than the velocity of light in vacuum and is followed by a pedestal resulting from a complex postsaturation dynamics.The tail is constituted by a train of subpulses wi
In many cases involving hypothesis testing for parameters in multivariate Gaussian populations and certain other populations, likelihood ratio criteria, or their one-to-one functions, can be expressed in terms of the determinant of a real type-1 beta matrix.In geometrical probability problems, when the random points are type-1 beta distributed, the